ABSTRACT
Introduction: Most reports related to humoral immune response to COVID 19 vaccines in people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) were performed on mRNA-based vaccines. Objective(s): to analyze the longitudinal humoral immune responses to adenovirus-based vaccines (Sputnik V and AZD1222) in pwMS under different diseases modifying therapies (DMTs) Methods: IgG anti- SARS-COV-2 spike titers in a cohort of 101 pwMS and 28 healthy controls (HC) were measured 6 weeks after vaccination using the COVID-AR kit according to the manufacture instructions. Both patients and controls received two or three doses of Sputnik, AZD1222 or a mixed schedule (MS) of both vaccines. The neutralizing capacity was evaluated by measuring antibody neutralizing titers using SARS COV-2 pseudotyped particles. Result(s): 60.5% of pwMS were female, mean EDSS: 2.49 +/-1.5, age: 36.6 +/-10.7, disease duration 7.6 +/- 5.1 years. DMTs: 45 pwMS were under fingolimod, 23 under dimethyl fumarate, 14 under cladribine and 19 under antiCD20 monoclonal antibodies. Vaccines: 35.7% Sputnik V, 51.9% AZD1222 and 12.4 % MS. No antibody response to a 2nd dose was found in 41.3% of pwMS under fingolimod and 73.6% under antiCD20. We found a correlation between lower lymphocyte count and lower antibody titers in pwMS under fingolimod (r: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46-0.81, p=<=0.0001). A correlation was also found between the antibody titer and the last dose of antiCD20 (r: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.03-0.7, p=0.03). In March 2022, 57 pwMS received their 3nddose, 6 patients under fingolimod and 7 under antiCD20 remained without any antibody response. We did not find differences in the neutralization capacity with different DMT and or vaccines. Multivariate regression analysis showed antiCD20 (beta= -,349, 95% CI: -3655.6-369.01, p=0.017) and fingolimod (beta=-,399, 95% CI: -3363.8-250.9, p=0.023) treatments as independent factor associated with low antibody response (r2 adjusted=0.157). Conclusion(s): This is the first report of longitudinal humoral immune response of patients under adenovirus-based vaccines, specially Sputnik V, that demonstrate that these vaccines have similar results to those obtained with mRNA-based vaccines.
ABSTRACT
Recent studies have shown a temporal increase in the neutralizing antibody potency and breadth to SARS-CoV-2 variants in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent individuals. Here, we examined longitudinal antibody responses and viral neutralizing capacity to the B.1 lineage virus (Wuhan related), to variants of concern (VOC;Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta), and to a local variant of interest (VOI;Lambda) in volunteers receiving the Sputnik V vaccine in Argentina. Longitudinal serum samples (N = 536) collected from 118 volunteers obtained between January and October 2021 were used. The analysis indicates that while anti-spike IgG levels significantly wane over time, the neutralizing capacity for the Wuhan-related lineages of SARS-CoV-2 and VOC is maintained within 6 months of vaccination. In addition, an improved antibody cross-neutralizing ability for circulating variants of concern (Beta and Gamma) was observed over time postvaccination. The viral variants that displayed higher escape to neutralizing antibodies with respect to the original virus (Beta and Gamma variants) were the ones showing the largest increase in susceptibility to neutralization over time after vaccination. Our observations indicate that serum neutralizing antibodies are maintained for at least 6 months and show a reduction of VOC escape to neutralizing antibodies over time after vaccination. IMPORTANCE Vaccines have been produced in record time for SARS-CoV-2, offering the possibility of halting the global pandemic However, inequalities in vaccine accessibility in different regions of the world create a need to increase international cooperation. Sputnik V is a recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine that has been widely used in Argentina and other developing countries, but limited information is available about its elicited immune responses. Here, we examined longitudinal antibody levels and viral neutralizing capacity elicited by Sputnik V vaccination. Using a cohort of 118 volunteers, we found that while anti-spike antibodies wane over time, the neutralizing capacity to viral variants of concern and local variants of interest is maintained within 4 months of vaccination. In addition, we observed an increased cross-neutralization activity over time for the Beta and Gamma variants. This study provides valuable information about the immune response generated by a vaccine platform used in many parts of the world.